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1) Candide
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In this philosophical fantasy, naive Candide sees and suffers such misfortune that he ultimately rejects the philosophy of his tutor Doctor Pangloss, who claims that "all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds." Candide and his companions--Pangloss, his beloved Cunegonde, and his servant Cacambo--display an instinct for survival that provides them hope in an otherwise somber setting. When they all retire together to a simple life on a...
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This edition includes a modern introduction and a list of suggested further reading. On March 10, 1762, Jean Calas, a Protestant merchant, was publicly executed in Toulouse, France. This punishment had been prescribed by the regional parliament, with hopes that Calas would confess to murdering his adult son in order to prevent his conversion to Catholicism. Steadfastly declaring his innocence, the elderly Huguenot expired after hours of suffering,...
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Zadig; or, The Book of Fate (French: Zadig ou la Destinée; 1747) is a novella and work of philosophical fiction by the Enlightenment writer Voltaire. It tells the story of Zadig, a philosopher in ancient Babylonia. The author does not attempt any historical accuracy, and some of the problems Zadig faces are thinly disguised references to social and political problems of Voltaire's own day.
4) Zadig
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François-Marie Arouet wrote under the nom de plume of Voltaire, and produced works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works. Zadig is a philosopher in ancient Babylonia. Voltaire did not attempt historical accuracy with this book. Many of the problems Zadig faces are thinly disguised references to social and political problems of Voltaire's own day. Zadig is philosophical in nature,...
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Voltaire reflexionó y actuó como un intelectual comprometido, y nos invita a "meter las manos en el mundo".
Combinó diversos géneros literarios, convencido de que todos los medios son válidos para llevar a cabo una denuncia y enmendar una injusticia.
Hizo célebre una frase que recorrió Europa: "¡Aplastar al infame!" (Écrasez l'Infame!), su pedido desesperado para que nadie tolere la intolerancia.
Usó la ironía para evidenciar los absurdos...
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One day, Saint Dunstan, an Irishman by nation, and a saint by trade, left Ireland on a small mountain, which took its route toward the coast of France, and set his saintship down in the bay of St. Malo. When he had dismounted, he gave his blessing to the mountain, which, after some profound bows, took its leave, and returned to its former place.
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The causes of our poverty; a poverty which we hide under varnished ceilings, or with the help of our dealers in fashion. We are poor with taste. There are some officers of revenue, there are contractors or jobbers, there are merchants, very rich; their children, their sons-in-law, are also very rich, but the nation in general is unfortunately not so.
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John was not twenty years old when he assisted, as a volunteer, at the attack on Mont-Joui, which was captured, and where the Prince of Hesse lost his life. Our poor Johnny was wounded, taken prisoner, and carried into the town. The following is an account of his adventures from the attack of Mont-Joui till the taking of Barcelona. It is as told by a Catalonian lady, a little too free and too simple. Such stories do not find a way to the hearts of...
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The aged Belus, king of Babylon, thought himself the first man upon earth; for all his courtiers told him so, and his historians proved it. We know that his palace and his park, situated at a few parafangs from Babylon, extended between the Euphrates and the Tigris, which washed those enchanted banks. His vast house, three thousand feet in front, almost reached the clouds. The platform was surrounded with a balustrade of white marble, fifty feet high,...
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The adventure of the youthful Rustan is generally known throughout the whole province of Candahar. He was the only son of a Mirza of that country. The title of Mirza there is much the same as that of Marquis among us, or that of Baron among the Germans. The mirza, his father, had a handsome fortune. Young Rustan was to be married to a mirzasse, or young lady of his own rank. The two families earnestly desired their union. Rustan was to become the...
11) The White Bull
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The story is based on the Greek tale of Europa and the bull. The white bull is in fact the Greek god Zeus. Set in Ancient Egypt, Princess Amasidia, daughter to King Amasis, is walking along the Pelusium Way. She is deeply saddened as her love has been missing for 7 years and the King has forbidden him. No one in the kingdom is to even speak his name. While walking along the Pelusium Way she encounters many majestic creatures one which is the most...
12) Zadig
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Zadig, a good-hearted, handsome young man from Babylonia, is in love with Sémire and they are to marry. Sémire, however, has another suitor: Orcan wants her for himself. Zadig tries to defend his love from Orcan's threat, but his eye is injured in the process. Sémire abhors this injury, causing her to depart with his enemy. Shortly after, Zadig makes a full recovery and falls into the arms of another woman, Azora, with whom he is married, but who...
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Deux essais philosophiques fondateurs et essentiels pour comprendre notre société actuelle.
Le Traité sur la tolérance est une œuvre polémique de Voltaire publiée en 1763. Destinée à stigmatiser le fanatisme religieux, c'est un texte majeur de la philosophie des Lumières. Au départ, un fait divers de 1762 : Jean Calas est protestant, comme toute sa famille sauf un de ses fils. Le fils est retrouvé pendu. La foule gronde. Calas est accusé...
14) Micromegas
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Micromegas, an inhabitant of one of the planets that orbits Sirius. His home world is 21.6 million times greater in circumference than the Earth. Micromegas stands 23 miles tall. When he is almost 450 years old, approaching the end of his infancy, Micromegas writes a scientific book examining the insects on his planet, which at 30 m are too small to be detected by ordinary microscopes.
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A masterpiece of Enlightenment-era literature, this collection of brief, incisive essays constitutes a thought-provoking analysis of eighteenth-century social and religious conventions. Voltaire intended to entertain as well as to enlighten, and his sardonic wit lends a strikingly modern feeling to these writings. One of France's most celebrated citizens, Voltaire (1694-1778) is best known for his satirical novel Candide. His political treatises,...
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Best known for his philosophical novel Candide, Voltaire ranked among the leading intellectuals of the Enlightenment period. His two-and-a-half-year sojourn in England left a profound impression, and these letters-written as though explaining English society to a French friend-focus on the country's religion and politics, with commentaries on Quakers, the Church of England, Presbyterians, Anti-Trinitarians, Parliament, the government, and commerce....
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François-Marie Arouet wrote under the nom de plume of Voltaire, and produced works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works. Seventeen of his most notable plays, as well as two novels (one philosophical and one satirical), are presented in this collection.
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Extrait : "Qui es-tu ? d'o viens-tu ? que deviendras-tu ? C'est une question qu'on doit faire à tous les êtres de l'univers, mais à laquelle nul ne nous répond. Je demande aux plantes quelle vertu les fait croître, et comment le même terrain produit des fruits divers. Ces êtres insensibles et muets, quoique enrichis d'une faculté divine, me laissent à mon ignorance et à mes vaines conjectures."
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Extrait : "C'est un mot grec qui signifie atteinte à la réputation. Blasphemia se trouve dans Démosthène. De là vient, dit Ménage, le mot de blâmer. Blasphème ne fut employé dans l'Église grecque que pour signifier injure faite à Dieu. Les Romains n'employèrent jamais cette expression, ne croyant pas apparemment qu'on pût jamais offenser l'honneur de Dieu comme on offense celui des hommes."
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Extrait : "Il eût été à désirer que de tous les livres faits sur les lois, par Bodin, Hobbes, Grotius, Puffendorf, Montesquieu, Barbeyrac, Burlamaqui, il en eût résulté quelque loi utile, adoptée dans tous les tribunaux de l'Europe, soit sur les successions, soit sur les contrats, sur les finances, sur les délits, etc..."
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